Jusletter

Table of contents

• INTRODUCTION
• CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• I. The story of information technology, law, and dispute resolution
• II. Functions of IT for arbitration
• III. Why, when, and how
• 1. What can IT do for arbitration?
• A. Efficiency
• B. Effectiveness
• C. Convenience
• 2. Situations
• 3. Two golden rules
• A. Do not overdo it
• B. First master it, then use it
• IV. The most common concerns related to the use of IT
• 1. Security
• A. Interception of e-mails
• B. Interception of web-based transmissions: protection through SSL
• C. Protection against intrusion into data storage systems and other applications
• D. Getting infected
• a. Viruses
• b. Macro Virus
• c. Adware and spyware
• d. Password sniffers
• e. Trojan horses
• f. Worms
• 2. Technical failures, breakdowns
• 3. Issues of authentication and non-repudiation
• 4. Working habits
• 5. Organizing a procedure during which recourse to IT is made: some recommendations
• V. Basic communication technologies
• 1. E-mails and discussion lists
• 2. Chats
• 3. Bulletin boards or Internet forums
• 4. Designated community websites
• 5. Wikis
• VI. Some considerations about e-mailing
• 1. Guidelines for an appropriate use of e-mails
• A. Sending e-mail
• a. What information is to be sent?
• b. To whom are you addressing the mail?
• c. How is the information sent?
• d. When is the e-mail sent?
• e. Why is the e-mail sent?
• f. Other precautions
• B. Receiving e-mail
• C. E-mail management
• D. Sender authentication
• a. Password
• b. Access token
• c. Biometrics
• E. E-mail encryption, digital signatures, and digital certificates
• a. Private and confidential e-mails: encryption
• b. Identifying the sender and verifying the authenticity of the text: digital signatures
• c. Trusting digital signatures and key rings in general: linking ciphers to people
• 2. Privacy risks through metadata
• CHAPTER 2LEGAL FRAMEWORK
• I. Due process issues
• 1. The right to be heard
• A. The right to be heard: sufficient opportunities to present one´s case
• B. The right to be heard orally
• 2. Adversary proceedings
• 3. Equal treatment
• 4. Judicial review of arbitral awards rendered after proceedings making use of IT
• 5. Enforcement of awards
• II. Confidentiality issues
• 1. Basis for a duty of confidentiality
• 2. Who is bound by the duty of confidentiality?
• 3. What information is confidential?
• 4. Sanctions for a breach of confidentiality
• 5. Some recommendations
• CHAPTER 3CURRENT PRACTICE AND GUIDELINES REGARDING THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS
• I. State of practice
• 1. ICC – NetCase
• 2. AAA – WebFile
• 3. WIPO – ECAF
• II. The guidelines of the International Chamber of Commerce
• 1. Report by the ICC Section on IT on Special IT Requirements in International Arbitration
• 2. Guidelines on «Using Technology to Resolve Business Disputes»
• A. General procedures
• B. Paperless files
• C. Electronic communications
• a. Videoconferences
• b. Audioconferences
• CHAPTER 4AVAILABLE IT TOOLS FOR ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS
• I. Extranets, case management websites, and virtual case rooms
• 1. Description
• 2. Assessment of case management websites
• 3. Issues and concerns
• II. Videoconferencing
• 1. From high-tech to low-tech videoconferencing
• 2. The Geneva experiment
• A. General description
• B. Scenario
• C. The ClickToMeet videoconferencing platform. General description
• a. Security
• b. Properties
• c. User capacity
• d. Screenshots
• e. Technical requirements
• D. Summarized results
• 3. Assessment of videoconferencing in arbitration and recommendations regarding its use
• A. Factors in favor of and against the use of videoconferencing
• a. Videoconferencing v. telephone conferencing
• b. Videoconferencing v. in-person meetings
• c. Videoconferencing v. e-mail or letter exchanges
• B. Situations of use
• C. Other recommendations of use
• 4. Issues and concerns
• A. Technological insufficiencies and limitations
• B. Security, privacy, and confidentiality
• C. Legal issues
• 5. Setting up a videoconferencing session
• III. Shared virtual workspaces
• 1. Description
• A. The concept
• B. The uses of shared virtual workspaces in arbitration
• C. A scenario of the use of shared virtual workspaces during arbitral hearings
• D. The value of sharing visual information
• 2. Technicalities of the use of a shared virtual workspace in arbitration
• A. Collaboration and sharing issues in online arbitration
• IV. Believability measures
• V. The technology
• CHAPTER 5PRACTICE GUIDELINES
• I. Communications protocol
• 1. Who decides?
• 2. Submissions (briefs, memorials, applications). and documentary evidence
• 3. Other communications
• 4. Hearings
• 5. Deliberations between arbitrators
• 6. Form and notification of the award
• II. Checklists and reminders
• 1. Main tasks
• 2. E-mailing
• A. Sending e-mails
• B. Receiving e-mails
• 3. Videoconferencing
• A. General reminders
• B. Videoconference or in-person meeting?
• C. Preparing a videoconference
• III. Drafting suggestions for arbitration agreements
• 1. Pre-dispute arbitration agreement referring to the use of IT tools
• 2. Post-dispute arbitration agreement referring to the use of IT tools
• IV. Drafting suggestions for procedural forms
• 1. Sample procedural forms for the parties
• A. Initiation form
• B. Incident form
• 2. Procedural order relating to the use of IT
• V. Setting up encrypted and digitally-signed e-mail
• 1. E-mail clients: setting up Outlook
• 2. Webmail: resorting to HushMail
• VI. Examples of videoconferencing software
• 1. ClickToMeet
• 2. Windows NetMeeting
• 3. Ivisit
• 4. Festoon
• 5. Earthlink Videoconferencing Software
• 6. Megameeting