Jusletter

Table of contents

• Introduction
• I. Technical Issues: Focus on Smarter Evidence-Gathering and Prosecution
• 1. Emphasis on Intelligence-Based Investigations
• 1.1. General Remarks
• A. A Long Awaited Change of Focus
• B. The Concept of «Intelligence» and «Investigations» under the 2015 WADA Code
• 1.2. Clearer Definition of Duties and Responsibilities
• A. Duties of Anti-Doping Organizations
• B. Cooperation of Other Stakeholders
• C. Intelligence-Gathering and Privacy
• 1.3. Instruments to Facilitate Intelligence-Gathering and Investigations
• A. Substantial Assistance
• B. Extension of the Statute of Limitations and Data Retention Periods
• 2. Strengthening the Testing and Analysis Process
• 2.1. General Remarks
• 2.2. Smarter Test Distribution and Analysis Menus through Risk Assessment
• 2.3. Limiting Positive Findings to those Targets Relevant to the Fight against Doping
• 2.4. Additional Support to Avoid Challenges of Analytical Results
• A. Presumption of Scientific Validity of Analytical Methods and Decision Limits
• B. The Cut-Off Point for Further Analyses
• II. Substantive Issues: Tackling the Real Problems
• 3. Casting a Bigger Net: Expanding the Means and Scope of Anti-Doping Efforts
• 3.1. General Remarks
• 3.2. Evading, Refusing, or Failing to Submit to Sample Collection
• 3.3. Tampering
• 3.4. Whereabouts Failures
• 3.5. Complicity
• 3.6. More Efficient Means Against Athlete Support Personnel
• A. General Remarks
• B. Prohibited Association
• C. Broadening Jurisdiction and Investigative Obligations Regarding Athlete Support Personnel
• D. Liability on Athlete Support Personnel for Personal Use and Possession of Prohibited Substances
• 4. Fine-Tuning the Deterrents: Revisions to the Sanctioning Regime
• 4.1. General Remarks
• 4.2. Harsher Penalties for Intentional Dopers
• A. Increasing the Initial Period of Ineligibility for Intentional Doping
• a. Version 1.0 Overview
• b. Version 2.0 Overview
• c. Versions 3.0 and Final Version 4.0 Overview
• d. The Definition of «Intentional» in Versions 3.0 and 4.0: Clarification or a Can of Worms?
• e. Harsher penalties: Full Steam Ahead or Proceed with Caution?
• B. Prompt Admissions
• 4.3. More Flexibility for Inadvertent Dopers
• A. General Remarks
• B. Specified Substances
• C. Contaminated Products
• D. Added Flexibility to the No Significant Fault or Negligence Standard
• E. Substances of Abuse: Discarded but Not Forgotten
• 4.4. Fine-Tuning the Sanctioning Regime
• A. Automatic Publication of Sanctions
• B. Multiple Violations
• C. Financial Consequences
• D. Return for Training
• 4.5. The Compatibility of the Sanctioning Regime with Recognized Principles of International Law and Human Rights
• III. Procedural Issues: Fairness
• 5. Improved Collaboration and Role Clarification among Anti-Doping Organizations
• 5.1. General Remarks
• 5.2. Responsibilities for Testing
• 5.3. Results Management
• 5.4. Granting Therapeutic Use Exemptions
• 6. Fair Hearings
• 6.1. Overview of the Revision of Article 8.1
• 6.2. The New Wording of Article 8.1: Better Protection or Greater Confusion?
• 7. Judicial Review before the Court of Arbitration for Sport
• 7.1. General Remarks
• 7.2. Single Hearing Before CAS
• 7.3. Cross Appeals and Other Subsequent Appeals
• 7.4. De Novo Hearings
• Annex
• Annex